Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) is a 10-item validated measure of global self-esteem, the most widely cited self-esteem measure in psychology. Score 0–30; 15–25 normal range. 5 items reverse-scored. Rosenberg (1965). Public domain.

What is the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale?

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was developed by sociologist Morris Rosenberg (1965) as part of his landmark study of adolescent self-image. It measures global self-esteem, a person's overall sense of self-worth and self-acceptance, as distinct from domain-specific self-perceptions. It is now the most widely used self-esteem measure in psychological research, with over 20,000 citations.

The 10 items are rated on a 4-point scale (Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree). Using the standard 0–3 scoring convention: positively worded items score SA=3, A=2, D=1, SD=0; negatively worded items (2, 5, 6, 8, 9) are reverse-scored. Total scores range from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating higher self-esteem. Some studies use a 1–4 scale (totaling 10–40); the 0–3 scoring convention yielding 0–30 is more common.

The RSES is in the public domain and free for all clinical, research, and educational uses. Scores of 15–25 are considered within the normal range; scores below 15 suggest low self-esteem. The scale has been validated across diverse populations and translated into over 50 languages.

Rate how much you agree or disagree with each statement.

Educational reference only. Does not constitute a clinical assessment.

Rosenberg Self-Esteem Score Interpretation

Rosenberg (1965). Standard 0–3 scoring. Population mean ≈ 22 (SD 5) in adult community samples. Low self-esteem is a transdiagnostic risk factor associated with depression and anxiety.

Wellbeing and Self-Esteem Tracking in HiBoop

Rosenberg RSE alongside PHQ-9, GAD-7, and SWLS, longitudinal outcome tracking to monitor global wellbeing and treatment impact across your patient panel.