[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"assessment-taps":3,"all-assessments-nav":170,"related-assessments-query":817},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"category":128,"categoryTitle":129,"clinicalCitations":130,"copyright":140,"description":141,"disclaimer":142,"downloadLink":128,"extension":143,"faqs":144,"featured":157,"i18nReady":157,"icon":128,"interpreter":128,"lastReviewed":158,"meta":159,"navigation":160,"path":161,"permissionsNote":162,"published":160,"recommendedFrequency":163,"relatedCodes":128,"relatedConditions":128,"reviewedBy":128,"seo":164,"slug":165,"stem":166,"summary":167,"takeaways":128,"timeline":128,"type":168,"usedToDiagnose":128,"__hash__":169},"assessments\u002Fassessments\u002Ftaps.md","Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription medications, and other Substance use Tool (TAPS)",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":121},"minimark",[9,14,18,21,25,28,48,57,61,66,80,86,89,103,110],[10,11,13],"h3",{"id":12},"about-the-taps-tool","About the TAPS Tool",[15,16,17],"p",{},"Developed through a NIDA-supported research initiative, the TAPS Tool integrates a brief screener (TAPS-1) with a more detailed assessment (TAPS-2) if initial risk is identified. It assesses past-year and past-3-month use across a range of substances, including tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, prescription stimulants, sedatives, and opioids. The tool supports SBIRT (Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment) workflows in busy clinical environments.",[15,19,20],{},"It is appropriate for use with adults aged 18 and older.",[10,22,24],{"id":23},"psychometric-properties","Psychometric Properties",[15,26,27],{},"The TAPS Tool has been validated in U.S. primary care populations and shows good sensitivity and specificity for detecting problem substance use and moderate-to-severe substance use disorders.",[29,30,31,39,45],"ul",{},[32,33,34,38],"li",{},[35,36,37],"strong",{},"TAPS-1",": High sensitivity for any past-year use",[32,40,41,44],{},[35,42,43],{},"TAPS-2",": Differentiates substance use risk by frequency and impact",[32,46,47],{},"Good agreement with Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) as a reference standard",[49,50,51],"blockquote",{},[15,52,53,56],{},[35,54,55],{},"Source",": McNeely et al., 2016; McNeely et al., 2017",[10,58,60],{"id":59},"the-scale","The Scale",[15,62,63,65],{},[35,64,37],{}," includes 4 initial yes\u002Fno questions about past 12-month use of:",[29,67,68,71,74,77],{},[32,69,70],{},"Tobacco",[32,72,73],{},"Alcohol",[32,75,76],{},"Prescription medications (used non-medically)",[32,78,79],{},"Other drugs",[15,81,82,83,85],{},"If any “yes” is endorsed, ",[35,84,43],{}," follows with frequency-based questions for the past 3 months, asking how often each substance was used and whether use affected responsibilities or safety.",[15,87,88],{},"HiBoop implements TAPS as a two-stage experience:",[29,90,91,97],{},[32,92,93,96],{},[35,94,95],{},"Stage 1 (TAPS-1)",": Rapid screen, 4–5 substance categories",[32,98,99,102],{},[35,100,101],{},"Stage 2 (TAPS-2)",": Auto-triggered for substances endorsed in TAPS-1, with brief follow-up questions on use severity and impact",[15,104,105,106,109],{},"Each substance category produces a ",[35,107,108],{},"risk score"," from 0 to 3.",[15,111,112,113,116,117,120],{},"HiBoop highlights ",[35,114,115],{},"risk levels per substance"," and supports ",[35,118,119],{},"clinician filtering"," (e.g., show all clients with opioid risk ≥2).",{"title":122,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":124},"",3,[125,126,127],{"id":12,"depth":123,"text":13},{"id":23,"depth":123,"text":24},{"id":59,"depth":123,"text":60},null,"Substance Use",[131,134,137],{"text":132,"link":133},"McNeely J, Wu LT, Subramaniam G, et al. Performance of the Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription Medication, and Other Substance Use (TAPS) Tool for Substance Use Screening in Primary Care Patients. Ann Intern Med. 2016;165(10):690-699.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.7326\u002FM16-0317",{"text":135,"link":136},"Gryczynski J, McNeely J, Wu LT, et al. Validation of the TAPS-1: A Four-Item Screening Tool to Identify Unhealthy Substance Use in Primary Care. J Gen Intern Med. 2017;32(9):990-996.","https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F28550609\u002F",{"text":138,"link":139},"Adam A, Schwartz RP, Wu LT, et al. Electronic self-administered screening for substance use in adult primary care patients: feasibility and acceptability of the tobacco, alcohol, prescription medication, and other substance use (myTAPS) screening tool. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2019;14(1):39.","https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F31615549\u002F","© New York University School of Medicine. Developed by Dr. Jennifer McNeely and colleagues with support from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).","TAPS Tool: two-part substance use screen for primary care covering tobacco, alcohol, prescription medications, and illicit drugs. NIDA Clinical Trials Network validated.","This summary is for informational use only. HiBoop does not provide diagnostic services or interpret clinical results. The TAPS Tool should be administered and interpreted by trained healthcare professionals.","md",[145,148,151,154],{"question":146,"answer":147},"Is the TAPS Tool self-report or clinician-administered?","The TAPS Tool has been validated in both self-administered (tablet\u002Felectronic) and interviewer-administered formats. The self-administered format, known as myTAPS, showed high acceptability in primary care patients, though older adults and those with lower education may benefit from interviewer support. Both formats demonstrated comparable psychometric performance in the original NIDA Clinical Trials Network validation study.",{"question":149,"answer":150},"What substances does the TAPS Tool screen for?","TAPS covers four substance categories: tobacco, alcohol, prescription medications used non-medically, and other drugs (including cannabis, cocaine, stimulants, sedatives, and opioids). The TAPS-1 first-stage screener asks about past 12-month use across these categories, and the TAPS-2 follow-up component gathers frequency and impact data for any endorsed substance.",{"question":152,"answer":153},"Can the TAPS Tool diagnose a substance use disorder?","No. The TAPS Tool is a screening and brief assessment instrument; it is not designed to provide a diagnosis. A positive screen indicates a need for further clinical evaluation. Diagnosis of a substance use disorder requires a comprehensive clinical assessment by a qualified healthcare professional using recognized diagnostic criteria.",{"question":155,"answer":156},"How is the TAPS Tool scored?","TAPS-1 captures frequency of use (never, less than monthly, monthly, weekly, daily or almost daily) for each of the four substance categories. TAPS-2 then generates a risk score of 0–3 per substance category based on frequency of use and reported impact on responsibilities or safety. Scores are interpreted per substance rather than as a single composite total, which supports identifying which substance(s) warrant clinical attention.",false,"2026-06-03",{},true,"\u002Fassessments\u002Ftaps","The TAPS Tool is available for non-commercial clinical use and can be accessed via the NIDA Clinical Trials Network. Permission may be required for adaptation or commercial applications. 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