[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"assessment-stai":3,"all-assessments-nav":200,"related-assessments-query":880},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"category":136,"categoryTitle":137,"clinicalCitations":138,"copyright":136,"description":149,"disclaimer":136,"downloadLink":136,"extension":150,"faqs":151,"featured":164,"i18nReady":164,"icon":136,"interpreter":165,"lastReviewed":183,"meta":184,"navigation":185,"path":186,"permissionsNote":136,"published":164,"recommendedFrequency":136,"relatedCodes":136,"relatedConditions":136,"reviewedBy":136,"seo":187,"slug":188,"stem":189,"summary":190,"takeaways":136,"timeline":191,"type":198,"usedToDiagnose":136,"__hash__":199},"assessments\u002Fassessments\u002Fstai.md","STAI Scoring & Interpretation · State-Trait Anxiety Inventory",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":126},"minimark",[9,13,18,21,24,27,31,34,37,40,43,47,50,94,98,101,104,107,110,113,116,119,123],[10,11,12],"p",{},"The STAI is the most widely used research measure of anxiety, consisting of two 20-item scales: State Anxiety (how you feel right now) and Trait Anxiety (how you generally feel). Scores 20–80 per subscale. Developed by Spielberger et al. (1983). Copyrighted by Pearson.",[14,15,17],"h2",{"id":16},"what-is-the-state-trait-anxiety-inventory","What is the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory?",[10,19,20],{},"The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was developed by Charles D. Spielberger,\nRichard L. Gorsuch, and Robert E. Lushene (1970), with the Form Y revision published in 1983.\nIt is the most widely used measure of anxiety in psychological research, with over 20,000\ncitations. It distinguishes between two conceptually distinct forms of anxiety: state anxiety\n(a transient emotional condition) and trait anxiety (a stable personality disposition toward anxiety).",[10,22,23],{},"The State Anxiety Scale (STAI-S) asks respondents to rate how they feel\nright now on 20 items (e.g., \"I feel calm,\" \"I feel tense\"). The Trait\nAnxiety Scale (STAI-T) asks how respondents generally feel on 20 items.\nBoth scales are scored 1–4, with multiple items reverse-scored. Each scale yields a score\nfrom 20 (minimum anxiety) to 80 (maximum anxiety).",[10,25,26],{},"The STAI is copyrighted by Pearson and requires a license to administer.\nIt is available for purchase through Mind Garden. For free validated anxiety screening, the\nGAD-7, HAM-A, and SPIN are recommended\npublic-domain alternatives. The PSWQ is the preferred scale when worry (the trait aspect\nof GAD) specifically needs to be measured.",[14,28,30],{"id":29},"stai-score-interpreter","STAI Score Interpreter",[10,32,33],{},"Enter STAI-S and STAI-T scores from a licensed assessment to see the corresponding interpretation.",[10,35,36],{},"Score range: 20 (calm) to 80 (extreme anxiety)",[10,38,39],{},"Score range: 20 (low anxiety disposition) to 80 (high anxiety disposition)",[10,41,42],{},"STAI is copyrighted by Pearson. This interpreter is for educational reference only.",[14,44,46],{"id":45},"stai-score-ranges","STAI Score Ranges",[10,48,49],{},"Spielberger et al. (1983). Score of 40+ on either subscale is the commonly cited clinical concern threshold. Population mean ≈ 35–40. The same bands apply to both the State (STAI-S) and Trait (STAI-T) subscales.",[51,52,53,66],"table",{},[54,55,56],"thead",{},[57,58,59,63],"tr",{},[60,61,62],"th",{},"Score range",[60,64,65],{},"Interpretation",[67,68,69,78,86],"tbody",{},[57,70,71,75],{},[72,73,74],"td",{},"20–39",[72,76,77],{},"Below clinical threshold",[57,79,80,83],{},[72,81,82],{},"40–54",[72,84,85],{},"Clinical concern",[57,87,88,91],{},[72,89,90],{},"55–80",[72,92,93],{},"High anxiety",[14,95,97],{"id":96},"free-anxiety-screening-alternatives","Free Anxiety Screening Alternatives",[10,99,100],{},"When STAI licensing isn't available, these free validated tools cover the same clinical territory.",[10,102,103],{},"Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale",[10,105,106],{},"7-item anxiety screener, the standard free primary care tool. Best equivalent to STAI-T for clinical screening workflows. Free for clinical use.",[10,108,109],{},"Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale",[10,111,112],{},"14-item clinician-rated anxiety scale with psychic and somatic subscales. Criterion standard for anxiety clinical trials. Free for clinical use.",[10,114,115],{},"Penn State Worry Questionnaire",[10,117,118],{},"16-item measure of pathological worry, the closest free equivalent to the STAI-T for GAD-specific trait anxiety. Free for clinical use.",[14,120,122],{"id":121},"anxiety-screening-without-the-licensing-headache","Anxiety Screening Without the Licensing Headache",[10,124,125],{},"HiBoop includes GAD-7, HAM-A, PSWQ, and SPIN, validated free anxiety measures that cover everything STAI does, with automated scoring and longitudinal tracking.",{"title":127,"searchDepth":128,"depth":128,"links":129},"",3,[130,132,133,134,135],{"id":16,"depth":131,"text":17},2,{"id":29,"depth":131,"text":30},{"id":45,"depth":131,"text":46},{"id":96,"depth":131,"text":97},{"id":121,"depth":131,"text":122},null,"Anxiety",[139,141,143,146],{"text":140},"Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Consulting Psychologists Press. 1970.",{"text":142},"Spielberger CD. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y). Consulting Psychologists Press; 1983.",{"text":144,"link":145},"Marteau TM, Bekker H. The development of a six-item short-form of the state scale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Br J Clin Psychol. 1992;31(3):301-6.","https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F1393159\u002F",{"text":147,"link":148},"Grös DF, Antony MM, Simms LJ, McCabe RE. Psychometric properties of the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA): comparison to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Psychol Assess. 2007;19(4):369-81.","https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F18085930\u002F","STAI scoring — State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, two 20-item scales (State + Trait), each 20–80. Clinical concern ≥40. Spielberger et al. (1983).","md",[152,155,158,161],{"question":153,"answer":154},"What is a high STAI score?","Each STAI subscale (State and Trait) ranges from 20 to 80. A score of 40 or above on either subscale is a commonly used clinical threshold indicating elevated anxiety, based on Spielberger's normative data. Population means for non-clinical adults typically fall between 35 and 40.",{"question":156,"answer":157},"Is the STAI self-report or clinician-administered?","The STAI is a self-report questionnaire. Respondents rate each item on a 4-point scale without clinician involvement in the administration itself. It is widely used in research settings and requires a commercial license through Mind Garden (Pearson) to administer.",{"question":159,"answer":160},"Can the STAI diagnose an anxiety disorder?","No. The STAI is a dimensional measure of anxiety severity, not a diagnostic instrument. Elevated scores indicate clinically significant anxiety symptoms and may prompt further clinical evaluation, but a diagnosis requires a structured clinical interview conducted by a qualified mental health professional.",{"question":162,"answer":163},"What is the difference between state and trait anxiety on the STAI?","State anxiety (STAI-S) reflects a transient emotional reaction to a specific situation — how a person feels right now. Trait anxiety (STAI-T) measures a stable personality disposition — how a person generally feels across time and situations. Both subscales use the same 20–80 scoring range and the same ≥40 clinical concern threshold.",false,{"heading":30,"scaleLabel":166,"min":167,"max":168,"start":169,"note":170,"source":171,"bands":172},"STAI-S or STAI-T subscale (20–80)",20,80,40,"Each subscale has 20 items rated 1–4, with multiple items reverse-scored. The same ≥40 threshold applies to both the State (STAI-S) and Trait (STAI-T) subscales. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety.","Spielberger et al. (1970, 1983). The ≥40 clinical concern threshold is a commonly used clinical convention based on normative data from the STAI manual. Educational reference only — not a diagnostic tool.",[173,177,180],{"min":174,"label":93,"level":175,"note":176},55,"error","Score well above the population mean; clinically elevated anxiety warranting assessment.",{"min":169,"label":85,"level":178,"note":179},"warning","At or above the commonly cited threshold; suggest further clinical evaluation.",{"min":167,"label":77,"level":181,"note":182},"success","Score within the normal population range; anxiety not clinically elevated.","2026-06-03",{},true,"\u002Fassessments\u002Fstai",{"title":5,"description":149},"stai","assessments\u002Fstai","Two 20-item anxiety scales: State (STAI-S) and Trait (STAI-T). Scores 20–80 per subscale; ≥40 clinical concern. Copyrighted by Pearson. Spielberger et al. (1983). Score interpreter and free alternatives guide.",[192,195],{"year":193,"label":194},"1970","Form X published — original STAI manual (Spielberger, Gorsuch & Lushene, Consulting Psychologists Press)",{"year":196,"label":197},"1983","Form Y published — revised 40-item version with improved psychometric properties; current standard 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