[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"assessment-phq-8":3,"all-assessments-nav":278,"related-assessments-query":925},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"category":259,"categoryTitle":260,"clinicalCitations":261,"copyright":259,"description":265,"disclaimer":259,"downloadLink":259,"extension":266,"faqs":259,"featured":267,"i18nReady":267,"icon":259,"interpreter":259,"lastReviewed":268,"meta":269,"navigation":270,"path":271,"permissionsNote":259,"published":270,"recommendedFrequency":259,"relatedCodes":259,"relatedConditions":259,"reviewedBy":259,"seo":272,"slug":273,"stem":274,"summary":275,"takeaways":259,"timeline":259,"type":276,"usedToDiagnose":259,"__hash__":277},"assessments\u002Fassessments\u002Fphq-8.md","PHQ-8: Patient Health Questionnaire – Depression Scale",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":247},"minimark",[9,14,18,21,25,28,56,64,79,83,89,149,156,160,163,174,181,185,199,203,206,211],[10,11,13],"h3",{"id":12},"about-the-phq-8","About the PHQ-8",[15,16,17],"p",{},"The Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) is an 8-item self-report measure of depression severity derived from the PHQ-9 by omitting item 9 (thoughts of self-harm or suicide). It was validated by Kroenke and colleagues as a measure of current depression suitable for large-scale surveys, epidemiological research, and clinical settings where suicidality screening occurs through a separate process.",[15,19,20],{},"The PHQ-8 and PHQ-9 use identical items for questions 1–8 and share the same scoring structure, thresholds, and clinical interpretations. The only difference is the absence of item 9, which makes the PHQ-8 appropriate for self-administered surveys and contexts where clinicians prefer to assess suicidal ideation through direct conversation rather than questionnaire.",[10,22,24],{"id":23},"what-the-assessment-measures","What the Assessment Measures",[15,26,27],{},"Both the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9 measure the nine DSM criteria for major depressive disorder. The PHQ-8 covers eight of these:",[29,30,31,35,38,41,44,47,50,53],"ol",{},[32,33,34],"li",{},"Little interest or pleasure in doing things",[32,36,37],{},"Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless",[32,39,40],{},"Trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much",[32,42,43],{},"Feeling tired or having little energy",[32,45,46],{},"Poor appetite or overeating",[32,48,49],{},"Feeling bad about yourself",[32,51,52],{},"Trouble concentrating",[32,54,55],{},"Moving or speaking slowly (or the opposite, restless or fidgety)",[15,57,58,59,63],{},"Each item is rated on a ",[60,61,62],"strong",{},"0–3 frequency scale"," over the past two weeks:",[65,66,67,70,73,76],"ul",{},[32,68,69],{},"0, Not at all",[32,71,72],{},"1, Several days",[32,74,75],{},"2, More than half the days",[32,77,78],{},"3, Nearly every day",[10,80,82],{"id":81},"scoring","Scoring",[15,84,85,88],{},[60,86,87],{},"Total score range",": 0–24",[90,91,92,105],"table",{},[93,94,95],"thead",{},[96,97,98,102],"tr",{},[99,100,101],"th",{},"Score",[99,103,104],{},"Severity",[106,107,108,117,125,133,141],"tbody",{},[96,109,110,114],{},[111,112,113],"td",{},"0–4",[111,115,116],{},"None\u002FMinimal",[96,118,119,122],{},[111,120,121],{},"5–9",[111,123,124],{},"Mild",[96,126,127,130],{},[111,128,129],{},"10–14",[111,131,132],{},"Moderate",[96,134,135,138],{},[111,136,137],{},"15–19",[111,139,140],{},"Moderately Severe",[96,142,143,146],{},[111,144,145],{},"20–24",[111,147,148],{},"Severe",[15,150,151,152,155],{},"A score of ",[60,153,154],{},"≥10"," is the standard cutoff for probable major depression, with sensitivity and specificity both approximately 88% compared to structured diagnostic interview.",[10,157,159],{"id":158},"when-to-use-the-phq-8-vs-phq-9","When to Use the PHQ-8 vs. PHQ-9",[15,161,162],{},"The PHQ-9 remains the standard for clinical measurement-based care, as it includes suicidal ideation screening. The PHQ-8 is preferred when:",[65,164,165,168,171],{},[32,166,167],{},"Suicidality is assessed separately or through clinical interview",[32,169,170],{},"Population-based surveys require a measure that doesn't require clinical follow-up for all positive screens",[32,172,173],{},"Comparing data to large epidemiological studies that used the PHQ-8",[15,175,176,177,180],{},"For individual patient monitoring in clinical practice, the ",[60,178,179],{},"PHQ-9 is generally recommended"," to ensure suicidal ideation is not missed.",[10,182,184],{"id":183},"psychometric-properties","Psychometric Properties",[65,186,187,190,193,196],{},[32,188,189],{},"Validated in large nationally representative samples (Kroenke et al., 2009)",[32,191,192],{},"PHQ-8 and PHQ-9 scores are nearly identical in datasets where item 9 is rarely endorsed",[32,194,195],{},"Strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α ≈ 0.86)",[32,197,198],{},"Sensitivity ≈ 88%, specificity ≈ 88% for major depression diagnosis at cutoff ≥10",[10,200,202],{"id":201},"functional-impairment-item","Functional Impairment Item",[15,204,205],{},"Both the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9 include a supplemental item asking how difficult the reported symptoms have made it to do work, handle home responsibilities, and get along with others (rated: Not difficult at all \u002F Somewhat difficult \u002F Very difficult \u002F Extremely difficult). This item is not scored but aids clinical interpretation.",[207,208,210],"h2",{"id":209},"references","References",[65,212,213,228,240],{},[32,214,215,216,220,221],{},"Kroenke K, Strine TW, Spitzer RL, et al. (2009). The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population. ",[217,218,219],"em",{},"Journal of Affective Disorders",", 114(1–3), 163–173. PMID: ",[222,223,227],"a",{"href":224,"rel":225},"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F18752852\u002F",[226],"nofollow","18752852",[32,229,230,231,234,235],{},"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Löwe B. (2010). The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: a systematic review. ",[217,232,233],{},"General Hospital Psychiatry",", 32(4), 345–359. PMID: ",[222,236,239],{"href":237,"rel":238},"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F20633738\u002F",[226],"20633738",[32,241,242,243,246],{},"Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB. (1999). Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. ",[217,244,245],{},"JAMA",", 282(18), 1737–1744.",{"title":248,"searchDepth":249,"depth":249,"links":250},"",2,[251,253,254,255,256,257,258],{"id":12,"depth":252,"text":13},3,{"id":23,"depth":252,"text":24},{"id":81,"depth":252,"text":82},{"id":158,"depth":252,"text":159},{"id":183,"depth":252,"text":184},{"id":201,"depth":252,"text":202},{"id":209,"depth":249,"text":210},null,"Depression & Mood",[262],{"text":263,"link":264},"Kroenke K, Strine TW, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Berry JT, Mokdad AH. The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population. J Affect Disord. 2009;114(1-3):163-173.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jad.2008.06.026","PHQ-8: 8-item depression severity scale derived from PHQ-9 (suicidality item excluded). Score 0–24. 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