[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"assessment-epds":3,"all-assessments-nav":147,"related-assessments-query":794},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"category":106,"categoryTitle":107,"clinicalCitations":108,"copyright":106,"description":112,"disclaimer":106,"downloadLink":106,"extension":113,"faqs":114,"featured":136,"i18nReady":136,"icon":106,"lastReviewed":137,"meta":138,"navigation":139,"path":140,"permissionsNote":106,"published":136,"recommendedFrequency":106,"relatedCodes":106,"relatedConditions":106,"reviewedBy":106,"seo":141,"slug":142,"stem":143,"summary":144,"takeaways":106,"type":145,"usedToDiagnose":106,"__hash__":146},"assessments\u002Fassessments\u002Fepds.md","EPDS: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":91},"minimark",[9,13,16,21,24,27,30,35,38,41,44,47,51,54,58,61,65,68,71,75,78,82,85,88],[10,11,12],"p",{},"The EPDS is a 10-item self-report screener for postnatal and prenatal depression. Validated in over 50 languages, it is the most widely used perinatal depression screening tool internationally. Item 10 always requires clinical follow-up regardless of total score.",[10,14,15],{},"Item 10 Safety Rule: Any score above 0 on EPDS item 10 (thoughts of self-harm)\nrequires immediate clinical follow-up, regardless of total score. If you are in crisis, call\n988 (US) or your local emergency services.",[17,18,20],"h2",{"id":19},"what-is-the-edinburgh-postnatal-depression-scale","What is the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale?",[10,22,23],{},"The EPDS (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) is a 10-item self-report\nscreening tool for postnatal and prenatal depression developed by Cox, Holden, and\nSagovsky (1987) at the University of Edinburgh. It was specifically designed to detect\ndepression in perinatal populations, where standard depression measures may over-attribute\nsomatic symptoms (fatigue, sleep changes, appetite changes) to normal pregnancy or\npostpartum physiology.",[10,25,26],{},"Each item is scored 0–3, yielding a total of 0–30. The EPDS covers depressed mood,\ninability to enjoy things, anxiety, self-blame, panic or worry, inability to cope,\nsleep difficulties due to unhappiness, sadness or misery, tearfulness, and thoughts of\nself-harm. The standard clinical cutoff is ≥13 for probable depression, though a lower\nthreshold of ≥10 is sometimes used when sensitivity is prioritized.",[10,28,29],{},"The EPDS is validated for use in both the postnatal period and during pregnancy (prenatal),\nand has been translated and validated in over 50 languages. It is recommended by the\nAmerican College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the UK National Institute for\nHealth and Care Excellence (NICE), and the Canadian Pediatric Society for perinatal\ndepression screening.",[31,32,34],"h3",{"id":33},"item-10-always-follow-up","Item 10, Always Follow Up",[10,36,37],{},"Item 10 asks about thoughts of self-harm or suicide (\"The thought of harming myself\nhas occurred to me\"). Any response above 0 on this item requires immediate clinical\nassessment, regardless of the total EPDS score. This is a mandatory clinical\nsafety rule, not a discretionary guideline.",[10,39,40],{},"Answer all 10 questions about how you have felt in the past 7 days.\nYour score is calculated automatically. This tool is for educational and screening\npurposes only, it is not a diagnostic tool.",[10,42,43],{},"Item 10 Safety Rule: Any response above \"Never\" on item 10 requires\nimmediate clinical follow-up regardless of total score. If you are in crisis right now,\ncall or text 988 (free, confidential, 24\u002F7).",[10,45,46],{},"This tool is for educational and screening purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional clinical assessment.",[17,48,50],{"id":49},"epds-scoring-cutoffs","EPDS Scoring & Cutoffs",[10,52,53],{},"Sum of all 10 items (0–3 each). Score range: 0–30. Note: item 10 is always a clinical\npriority regardless of total score.",[31,55,57],{"id":56},"cutoff-flexibility","Cutoff Flexibility",[10,59,60],{},"Some settings use ≥10 when higher sensitivity is needed (e.g., universal screening programs). Local clinical guidelines and population context should inform threshold selection.",[17,62,64],{"id":63},"when-to-administer-the-epds","When to Administer the EPDS",[10,66,67],{},"Clinical guidelines recommend screening at multiple time points across the perinatal period.",[10,69,70],{},"ACOG recommends screening at least once during pregnancy (ideally first trimester) and\nagain in the third trimester. Prenatal depression is a significant predictor of\npostpartum depression.",[31,72,74],{"id":73},"postnatal-46-weeks","Postnatal (4–6 weeks)",[10,76,77],{},"The 4–6 week postnatal visit is the most common EPDS administration point. Postpartum\ndepression typically emerges within the first 4 weeks and can persist for months\nwithout treatment.",[31,79,81],{"id":80},"_36-months-postpartum","3–6 Months Postpartum",[10,83,84],{},"Some guidelines recommend repeat screening at 3–6 months. Late-onset postpartum\ndepression can emerge after the initial postnatal window and is frequently missed\nwithout protocol-driven rescreening.",[10,86,87],{},"Documenting EPDS scores in clinical notes?",[10,89,90],{},"EPDS scores belong in the Objective section of your note. See our\nSOAP notes guide\nand Progress Notes guide\nfor templates and examples.",{"title":92,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":94},"",2,[95,99,102],{"id":19,"depth":93,"text":20,"children":96},[97],{"id":33,"depth":98,"text":34},3,{"id":49,"depth":93,"text":50,"children":100},[101],{"id":56,"depth":98,"text":57},{"id":63,"depth":93,"text":64,"children":103},[104,105],{"id":73,"depth":98,"text":74},{"id":80,"depth":98,"text":81},null,"Depression",[109],{"text":110,"link":111},"Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;150:782-786.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1192\u002Fbjp.150.6.782","EPDS scoring — 10-item perinatal depression screener, 0–30. Standard cutoff ≥13. Item 10 (self-harm) always requires immediate clinical follow-up.","md",[115,118,121,124,127,130,133],{"question":116,"answer":117},"What does EPDS stand for?","EPDS stands for Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. It was developed by Cox, Holden, and Sagovsky at the University of Edinburgh and published in 1987. It is also sometimes called the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS) or postnatal depression test.",{"question":119,"answer":120},"What score indicates postpartum depression on the EPDS?","A score of ≥13 is the most widely used threshold for probable postnatal depression (Cox et al., 1987, PMID 3651732). Some settings use ≥10 for increased sensitivity, particularly in universal screening programs. Any score on item 10 (self-harm thoughts) requires immediate clinical follow-up regardless of total score.",{"question":122,"answer":123},"Is the EPDS used during pregnancy as well as postpartum?","Yes. The EPDS was originally developed for postnatal use but has been validated for prenatal (antenatal) depression screening. ACOG recommends screening at least once during pregnancy. Prenatal depression is a significant predictor of postpartum depression, making prenatal screening clinically important.",{"question":125,"answer":126},"Why is item 10 on the EPDS treated specially?","EPDS item 10 asks whether the respondent has had thoughts of harming herself. Any response above 0 (Never) indicates some presence of self-harm ideation and requires immediate clinical assessment — this applies regardless of the total EPDS score, even if the overall score is below the depression cutoff. This is a mandatory safety protocol, not a guideline.",{"question":128,"answer":129},"Does the EPDS work differently for fathers or partners?","The EPDS has been used to screen paternal postnatal depression in fathers and non-birthing partners, though it was not originally designed or validated for this population. Some studies support its use in fathers; others suggest lower sensitivity and specificity compared to the birthing parent validation data. Clinicians should interpret results in fathers with this limitation in mind.",{"question":131,"answer":132},"How is the EPDS different from the PHQ-9?","The EPDS was specifically designed for perinatal populations and avoids over-attributing somatic symptoms (sleep changes, fatigue, appetite changes) to depression — symptoms that are also common in normal pregnancy and postpartum. The PHQ-9 includes somatic items that may inflate scores in perinatal patients. For perinatal depression screening, EPDS is the preferred tool; PHQ-9 is preferred in general adult primary care settings.",{"question":134,"answer":135},"Is the EPDS free to use?","Yes. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is in the public domain and free for clinical and research use without permission. It is widely available from health authorities, ACOG, and NICE in validated translations for over 50 languages.",false,"2026-06-02",{},true,"\u002Fassessments\u002Fepds",{"title":5,"description":112},"epds","assessments\u002Fepds","10-item perinatal depression screener. Score 0–30; standard cutoff ≥13. Item 10 (self-harm) always requires clinical follow-up. 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